Naval Underway Refueling during World War 2

Hello,

I am looking for information and sources on the development of underway refueling in the British, German and Japanese navies before and during World War 2.

Please respond to this post if you know of any article or book references that would help.

Thank you very much.

You do not mention the US navy, and you are very specific about wanting printed sources.

If you are indeed meaning the question to be that pin point accurate, I can not help. If you are wanting related info., Here is some.

This subject was discussed in the last two months on either sci.military.naval or soc.history.war.misc.

I do not remember all the specifics (or the subject title). As I recall, other navies did try refueling by towing a 'hose' behind a tanker, that a combat ship could hook up to and get fuel from. At some date (??) the USN greatly improved this by true UNREP, underway replenshment by ships sailing alongside each other. First for fuel, then ammo., then stores etc. And the USN started using faster and faster replenishment ships, so UNREP could be done with almost no break in operations.

Please post back here with more information once you get the answers to what you want!